PC HPS2

LEXAN? PC HPS2 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics
LEXAN? PC HPS2 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

本公司承诺所售原料均为原厂原包,假一赔十

东莞永大塑胶原料有限公司
主营产品：

塑胶原料 工程塑胶 聚酰胺 PA66耐磨损 PA66超韧耐寒级 PA66食品级 PA66加玻纤 PA66增韧级 PA66阻燃防火 POM聚甲醛 高粘度POM 坚韧级POM 耐磨损POM 高韧性POM 抗紫外线POM 加玻纤POM 低翘曲POM
工程塑胶：EVA、PC、POM、PA6、PA66、PEEK、COC、PBT、PET PC/ABS、PPS、PPO、LCP；PC
热弹性体：K胶、TPE、TPR、PVC、TPU、TPV、TPX、SBS；
通用塑胶：ABS、PMMA、PP、PE、AS、HDPE、LDPE。
 特种料：   PEI、PTFE、PVDF
本公司所销售之塑胶原料均可提供原厂的物性表，UL MSDS SGS COC 欢迎来电咨询！

备注：公司长期销售塑胶原料/原厂原包，25千克/包，符合ROHS认证标准，25千克起。质量有保证

LEXAN? PC EXL1494T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL1810T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL1890T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL4016H resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL4019 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL4419 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL5689 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL6013 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL6414 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL8134 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL8454 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL8483 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL9112 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL9132 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL9134 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL9330 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL9330P resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL9330S resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXL9414T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXRL1061 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC EXRL2032 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL2000 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL900 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL903 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL910 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL913 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL920 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL930 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FL933 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FST3002 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FST3403 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FST9436 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FST9705 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD103R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD104R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD1413T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD1414T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD153 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD171R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD941A resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXD9810 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXE1112T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXE121R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXE1414 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXE1414L resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXE1414T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXE4271L resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXE9925A resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXEMPX2 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXG121R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXG1413T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXG1414T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXG154 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXM121R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXM1413T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXM1414T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXM2143H resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC FXM941A resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC GLX143 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF1110 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF1110R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF1130 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF1130R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF1140 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF1140R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF1840R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF3454 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HF500R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1014 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1034 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1212 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1232 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1262 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1413 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1433 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1711 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1731 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1810 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1830 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1910 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD1930 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD4211 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD4271 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD4412 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD4413 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD4471 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFD4472 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFR1723 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HFR1724 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP1 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP1HF resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP1R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP1REU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP2 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP2EU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP2R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP2REU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP3REU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP4 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP4R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP4REU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP6 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP6NR resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HP9NR resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPF0 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPF1 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC+PPC HPH4304 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC+PPC HPH4404 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PPC HPH4504 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PPC HPH4504H resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PPC HPH4504HEU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PPC HPH4704 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS1 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS1R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS1S resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS2 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS2R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS6 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS6R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPS7R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPX4 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPX4EU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPX4R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPX4REU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPX8R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPX8REU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC HPXS8R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC I2120 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC I2220 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC I2420 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC IR1810 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC IR2040 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC IR2110 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC IR2240 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC IR2840 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? ABS+PC JK2000 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? ABS+PC JK500 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LAT4000 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LC108 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LC120 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LCG2007 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LF1520 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LGK3020 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LGK4010 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LGK4030 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LGK5030 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LI1911R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LS1 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LS2 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LSHF resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX1169 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX1814N resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX1832 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2010T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2114 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2114G resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2180T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2289 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2414G resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2489D resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2614 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2614G resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2619 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2910 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX2910T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7169 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7189 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7430C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7432C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7436C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7630C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7632C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX7636C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC LUX9130C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9130T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific
 
LEXAN? PC LUX9132C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9136C resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9230T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9610 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9612 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9612G resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9616 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC LUX9616G resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC MHL1110 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML104R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML1661 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML2010 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML2910 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML3260 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML3400 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC ML3729 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC ML3729R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML3999 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML4249 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML4506 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML4539 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML5221 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML5369 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML6076 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML6411 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC ML6412 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML6413 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML7647K resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7664 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7667 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC ML7672 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7681 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7682 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7686 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC ML7686E resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC ML7689 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7691 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC ML7693 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7694 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML7696 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC ML9103R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC MLS43R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC MPX2 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC NX07331 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ1022 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ1028 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC OQ2720 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC OQ3120 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ3420 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ3732 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC OQ3820 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ4120R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC OQ4320 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC OQ4320R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ4620 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ4620R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC OQ4820 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC PC0700 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC PC1000 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC PC1000R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC PC1800 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC PC1800R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC PC2200 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC PC2200R resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC PK2870 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC R9453 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SD1278 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC SFX173RU resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC SLD3000 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SLDM310 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SLX1231T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC SLX1431D resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC SLX1432 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC SLX1432T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SLX2071T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC SLX2231T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SLX2271T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC SLX2431T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SLX2432T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SLX2471T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC SLX2531T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC SLX2571T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC SP7602 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC VR1820 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC VR2020 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC VR2220 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC VR2820 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC VR2920 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC XHT1141 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC XHT2141 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

LEXAN? PC XHT2146 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC XHT3141 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics

LEXAN? PC XHT3143 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC XHT3143T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC XHT4141 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC XHT4143 resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Europe

LEXAN? PC XHT4143T resin SABIC Innovative Plastics Asia Pacific

 

PC 用途

宽波透光的光学器械，作为一种透明性能良好的工程塑料，PC作为光盘基材在全球大量使用，不仅可以制备CD、VCD、DVD光盘，还可以适用于高密度记录光盘的基材，尤其是PC与苯乙烯接枝生成的共聚物具有极佳的应用效果。PC片材特别适宜于制作眼镜镜片，在PC分子链中引入硅氧基团，可以提高其硬度及耐擦伤性。PC作为高折射率塑料，用于制作耐高温光学纤维的芯材，若在PC分子链中的C—H 链为C—F链所取代，则可以对可见光的吸收减少，能有效降低传递途中的信号损失。另外PC良好透光性，在透明窗材高层建筑幕墙、机场和体育场馆透明建筑材料等方面应用非常普遍和具有潜力，今后重点是提高表面硬度和抗静电性。　　阻燃环保的通信电器，由于PC良好电绝缘性能，广泛应用于通信电信设备领域，目前PC已经大量替代原有的酚醛塑料，今后重点开发阻燃PC用于通信电器领域中，因此无污染阻燃PC材料成为开发重点，溴系阻燃剂由于毒性在减少使用，而无卤环保磷系阻燃剂会明显降低PC的热变形温度和冲击强度，因此比较适宜的是有机硅系阻剂。另外随着通信电器轻量小型化对PC材料提出更高要求，目前 PC/ABS合金就特别适宜在通信电器及航空航天工业中应用。　　表面金属化的汽车部件，分子链中的C—H 链为C—F链所取代，则可以对可见光的吸收减少，能有效降低传递途中的信号损失。另外PC良好透光性，在透明窗材高层建筑幕墙、机场和体育场馆透明建筑材料等方面应用非常普遍和具有潜力，今后重点是提高表面硬度和抗静电性。

　　阻燃环保的通信电器，由于PC良好电绝缘性能，广泛应用于通信电信设备领域，目前PC已经大量替代原有的酚醛塑料，今后重点开发阻燃PC用于通信电器领域中，因此无污染阻燃PC材料成为开发重点，溴系阻燃剂由于毒性在减少使用，而无卤环保磷系阻燃剂会明显降低PC的热变形温度和冲击强度，因此比较适宜的是有机硅系阻剂。另外随着通信电器轻量小型化对PC材料提出更高要求，目前 PC/ABS合金就特别适宜在通信电器及航空航天工业中应用。

　　表面金属化的汽车部件，PC表面金属化后具有良好的金属光泽及高强度，广泛应用于各种汽车零部件中，但是电镀过程中会降低它的冲击韧性，因此采用弹性体与 PC共混改性，所合弹性体分散了致开裂应力，虽经电镀也不会降低其冲击韧性，因此电镀级PC树脂非常具有开发前景。另外表面金属化的PC还可以作为电磁波的屏蔽材料，应用于计算机中。

　　低残留有害物的食品容器，工业合成PC是双酚义型，由于合成时有微量未反应的单体双酚A残留在树脂中，在作为饮用水桶和食品容器时，易被溶出而影响人们身体健康，因此要开发卫生级的PC树脂，用作饮水桶和其他食品容器的生产与使用，国内应用前景非常看好。

　　防开裂脆化的医疗器械，PC具有诸多优异性能，目前已应用于医疗器械中，由于其耐化学品性较差，在化学药品存在下易引起内应力开裂，如PC在人工透析器、人工肺等医疗器械中应用要解决高温消毒导致裂纹的老化现象，若克服这些缺点，PC在医疗器械中应用可迅速扩大。

　　聚碳酸酯薄膜及片材 PC FILM & SHEET 主要成份为进口的聚碳酸酯（PC)树脂 可应用于光学、控制面板、遥控面板、液晶显示屏窗口、标签铬牌、汽车仪表板，薄膜开关，电容器电容介质、录音带、彩色录像磁带等。